Colonoscopy
A colonoscopy uses a flexible camera to examine the rectum and colon.
It may be used to screen for colorectal cancer and polyps or to evaluate bleeding, changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, or other concerns. During the procedure, the doctor may take tissue samples or remove polyps.
Upper endoscopy
Upper endoscopy—also called EGD—uses a flexible camera to examine the esophagus, stomach, and first part of the small intestine.
It may be used to evaluate swallowing difficulty, ongoing heartburn, pain, vomiting, bleeding, anemia, or other upper digestive symptoms. Tissue samples and selected treatments can be performed through the endoscope.
Colonoscopy preparation
A complete bowel preparation is essential. Stool can hide the lining and make it difficult to find polyps or other abnormalities.
Upper endoscopy preparation
The stomach must be empty. Follow the exact instructions about when to stop eating and drinking.
Preparing safely
Tell the office about all medical conditions, allergies, prior anesthesia problems, and every prescription medicine, over-the-counter medicine, vitamin, and supplement you take. Ask specifically about blood thinners and medicines for diabetes or weight management. Do not stop a prescribed medicine unless instructed by the appropriate healthcare professional.
Plan for a responsible adult to take you home. Sedation can affect judgment and coordination even when you feel awake.
After the procedure
Mild bloating or gas may occur after colonoscopy. Temporary bloating, nausea, or a sore throat may occur after upper endoscopy. Some findings may be discussed the same day; biopsy or polyp results take longer.
Seek care for warning signs
Follow your discharge instructions. Seek prompt care for trouble breathing, severe or worsening chest or abdominal pain, fever, repeated vomiting, vomiting blood, black stools, heavy rectal bleeding, dizziness, fainting, or other symptoms identified by your care team.
Questions to bring to your visit
- Why is this procedure recommended?
- How should I prepare?
- How should I manage my medicines?
- Will I need someone to stay with me?
- When and how will I receive results?
- Which symptoms require an urgent call?
Educational sources
NIDDK: Colonoscopy
NIDDK: Upper GI Endoscopy
This page provides general education. Follow the specific instructions supplied for your procedure.